The presence of solid carbon monoxide (CO) on interstellar grains was confirmed observationally in 1984 with the detection of infrared absorption at 4.67µm wavelength in several molecular clouds. Subsequent observations suggest that solid CO is [...]
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Neutral hydrogen line observations of the extended rotation curves of spiral galaxies imply that there exist significant discrepancies between the luminous and dynamical mass beyond the bright optical discs. This means either that galaxies contain [...] Recent literature on Population I Wolf-Rayet star research extending from the Milky Way to blue compact dwarf galaxies is reviewed, broken down into inventory, basic parameters and galactic distribution, atmospheres, binaries, intrinsic variability, [...] We review implications of the observed optical and X-ray variability (periodicities and light-curves), relevant for the understanding of physical conditions in the deep interiors of active galactic nuclei. We discuss in detail kinematical, [...] Recent years have seen an amazing development in our knowledge of the magnetic fields in the universe. The last ten years were crucial in our realization of the importance of the magnetic fields in galaxies. While a lot of the earlier data on our [...] Stars of nearly all spectral types and luminosity classes are surrounded by tenuous high-temperature (T˜106-107K) coronae, which emit most of their radiation in the soft X-ray part of the spectrum. This paper reviews our present observational [...] This review consists of five sections. In the introduction, we briefly review the development of the study of molecular clouds. In the second section, we review the theories of molecular cloud structure and compare these predictions with the [...] Active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be divided into two broad classes, where the emitted continuum power is dominated either by thermal emission (radio-quiet AGN), or by nonthermal emission (blazars). Emission in the 0.01–1 µm range is the primary [...] Young bipolar nebulae are those rather rare exceptions among deeply embedded pre-main sequence objects driving bipolar outflows, which are amenable to detailed optical studies — by that means they provide unique information about this whole class of [...] Magnetic fields have now been detected in stars in several parts of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Roughly dipolar fields ranging in strength between 3× 102 and 3×104 G are found in many chemically peculiar A and B main sequence stars. Dipolar [...] |
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